Principi pigmentacije: zašto boje izgledaju kako izgledaju?

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• Bojanje lica standardom za tabletop

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      ["title_eng"]=>
      string(32) "Painting Faces at Tabletop Level"
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  	In this short article, I will describe two ways to paint faces on a so-called tabletop standard. The text follows two versions of the painting. One will use a store-bought wash, and in the second, slightly less contrasting one, I will use a wash that I got from regular paint. This way, the reader can choose which method suits them better.
  
  	  
  
  	The first step is to dye the base color.
  
  	Left: Since I'm going to use a store-bought wash in this example, I decided to go for a darker shade of skin tone.
  
  	Right: In this example, I'm going to use the color as a base for the wash, so I decided to go for a slightly lighter skin tone - and therefore a lighter base color.
  
  	  
  
  	The next step is to apply the wash.
  
  	Left: I use a regular, store-bought Reikkland Fleshshade wash.
  
  	Right: On a drop of the darker skin tone, I add two drops of Lahmian Medium and a drop or two of water. This creates my own wash, which I apply similarly to the example on the left.
  
  	  
  
  	Then comes the first highlight.
  
  	Left: I apply the base color to the raised parts of the face and thus get the first highlight.
  
  	Right: Just like in the example on the left, I use the base color as the first highlight.
  
  	  
  
  	Then the second highlight.
  
  	Left: I get the second highlight by mixing the base color with a lighter shade.
  
  	Right: I follow the same process as on the left, with the caveat that I never use pure white to mix the highlight, it's always an off white – with a minimal amount of some pigment.
  
  	  
  
  	The penultimate step is to outline the eyes.
  
  	Left: This step is identical in both cases.
  
  	Right: I outline the eyes with some off-white paint (to make my life easier, it's usually two lines).
  
  	  
  
  	The last step is to add shadows around the mouth and eyes.
  
  	Left: In this case, you can use a darker wash like Nuln Oil or Druchi Purple.
  
  	Right: I mixed black and purple and added two drops of Lahmian Medium and a drop or two of water to create a darker wash, then applied the mixture to the eye sockets, making sure not to get the wash on the previously drawn eyes.
  
  	And the last thing is drawing the pupils – just vertical lines of dark/black color against the horizontal light lines for the eyes.
  
  	 
  "
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  	U ovom kratkom članku, opisat ću dva načina za bojanje lica na takozvanom tabletop standardu. Tekst prati dvije verzije bojanja. Jedna će koristiti kupovni wash, a u drugoj, malo manje kontrastnoj koristit ću wash kojeg sam dobio iz obične boje. Na taj način, čitatelj može izabrati koji način mu više odgovara.
  
  	  
  
  	Prvi korak je bojanje u osnovnu boju.
  
  	Lijevo: s obzirom da ću na ovom primjeru koristiti kupovni wash, odlučio sam se za tamniju nijansu boje kože.
  
  	Desno: u ovom primjeru koristit ću boju kao osnovu za wash, tako da sam se odlučio za malo svjetliju nijansu kože – a samim time i svjetliju osnovnu boju.
  
  	  
  
  	Sljedeći korak je stavljanje wash-a.
  
  	Lijevo: Koristim običan, kupovni Reikkland Fleshshade wash.
  
  	Desno: Na kap tamnije nijanse boje kože stavljam dvije kapljice Lahmian Mediuma i kap do dvije vode. Na taj način dobivam vlastiti wash kojeg nanosim slično kao i na lijevom primjeru.
  
  	  
  
  	Zatim ide prvi highlight.
  
  	Lijevo: Nanosim na izdignute dijelove lica osnovnu boju i na taj način dobivam prvi highlight.
  
  	Desno: Jednako kao i u lijevom primjeru, kao prvi highlight koristim osnovnu boju.
  
  	  
  
  	Potom drugi highlight.
  
  	Lijevo: Drugi highlight dobivam mješajući osnovnu boju s nekom svjetlijom nijansom.
  
  	Desno: Pratim isti proces kao i lijevo, uz napomenu da nikada ne koristim čistu bijelu boju za miješanje highlighta, uvijek je to neki off white – s minimalnom količinom nekog pigmenta.
  
  	  
  
  	Predzadnji korak je iscrtavanje obrisa očiju.
  
  	Lijevo: Ovaj korak je identičan u oba slučaja.
  
  	Desno: Nekom off white bojom iscrtam obrise očiju (da si olakšam život, to su najčešće dvije crtice).
  
  	  
  
  	Zadnji korak je dodavanje sjena oko ustiju i očiju.
  
  	Lijevo: U ovom slučaju, možete koristiti tamniji wash poput Nuln Oil ili Druchi Purple.
  
  	Desno: Pomiješao sam crnu i ljubičastu boju te dodao kap dvije Lahmian Mediuma i kad do dvije vode da dobijem tamniji wash te smjesu nanio u očne šupljine pazeći da wash ne dođe na prethodno iscrtane oči.
  
  	I zadnja stvar je ucrtavanje zjenica – samo okomite crtice tamne/crne boje u odnosu na horizontalne svijetle crte za oči.
  "
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  Marko Paunović, 20.05.2026.
• Principi pigmentacije: zašto boje izgledaju kako izgledaju?

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      string(64) "Pigmentation principles: why do the colors look the way they do?"
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  	In the previous article, we talked about pigment dispersion. This article takes a step back and addresses the fundamental question: what exactly is a pigment, why do we see color, and what determines whether a pigment will cover a substrate well or not.
  
  	  
  
  	1. Why do we see color?
  
  	Visible light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum, with wavelengths between approximately 380 nm (violet) and 700 nm (red). When light strikes a substance, three things can happen: reflection (bounce), transmission (passage through the substance), and absorption (absorption).
  
  	The color we see is the result of the portion of light that is reflected back to our eye. A pigment that absorbs blue and green light and reflects red will appear red. A pigment that absorbs all wavelengths almost equally will appear black. A pigment that reflects all wavelengths almost equally will appear white.
  
  	What determines which wavelengths will be absorbed and which will be reflected is the chemical structure of the pigment—specifically, the arrangement of electrons in the molecule or crystal lattice. This is why chemically different pigments are different colors, and why changing the chemical structure (e.g., by oxidation or photodegradation) changes the color.
  
  	  
  
  	2. What determines the coverage of the pigment?
  
  	As described in the first article in this series, opacity depends primarily on the index of refraction — a physical property that describes how much light is refracted and scattered when passing through a particular substance or encountering its surface.
  
  	The greater the difference between the refractive index of a pigment and the binder it is in, the more the pigment scatters light and thus has a more opaque effect. Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) has a refractive index of around 2.7 — far higher than most binders (around 1.4–1.6) — making it the strongest white pigment known.
  
  	In addition to the refractive index, particle size also affects coverage. The optimal particle size for maximum light scattering lies around half the wavelength of visible light — that is, between 200 and 400 nm. Particles that are significantly smaller or larger than this range scatter light less efficiently.
  
  	Many pigments — especially organic ones — have a relatively low refractive index and are not opaque by themselves. That doesn't mean you can't achieve coverage with them, but more on that in Chapter 6.
  
  	The lack of opacity of a pigment is not always a defect—sometimes it is the desired property. Contrasts, washes, glazes, and inks intentionally use pigments with low opacity: light passes through the paint layer, reflects off the substrate, and returns through the paint, giving a visual depth and shine that an opaque pigment cannot reproduce. This is why organic pigments with a low refractive index are ideal for these applications.
  
  	Interestingly, the opacity of a pigment can be intentionally reduced by special processing. Pigments that are semi-opaque or opaque in their standard form — such as ochre — can be made transparent by micronization (crushing the particles below the optimal size for scattering light) or by surface chemical treatment. Transparent ochre is the same pigment as standard, but treated so that it transmits more light to the substrate than before processing. Such pigments are used, for example, in wood stains where we want the natural grain of the wood to remain visible after painting and wherever we want to change the color of the surface without losing transparency.
  
  	  
  
  	3. Organic pigments
  
  	Organic pigments are carbon-based compounds that derive their color from specific chemical structures—most often conjugated double bond systems—that absorb certain wavelengths of visible light.
  
  	Characteristics of organic pigments:
  
  	• Extremely intense, pure and saturated colors
  
  	• Low refractive index — not inherently opaque
  
  	• Lower density — easier to achieve high particle concentrations in the formulation
  
  	• Variable lightfastness — from excellent (e.g. phthalocyanines) to poor (e.g. some azo pigments)
  
  	• Variable thermal stability — many organic pigments degrade at higher temperatures
  
  	Typical examples: phthalocyanine blue and green (e.g. PB15, PG7), quinacridones (e.g. magenta PR122), azo pigments (e.g. yellow PY74, orange PO34, red PR112), carbazole purple (PV23), pyrrole red (PR254).
  
  	4. Inorganic pigments
  
  	Inorganic pigments are mineral compounds — oxides, sulfides, salts, etc. They most often obtain their color through electronic transitions in transition metal ions (iron, chromium, manganese, cobalt, etc.) or through structural effects.
  
  	Characteristics of inorganic pigments:
  
  	• Higher refractive index — better hiding potential (especially white pigments such as TiO₂ and ZnO)
  
  	• Excellent lightfastness — inorganic pigments are generally more stable to UV radiation
  
  	• Excellent thermal stability — suitable for high temperature applications
  
  	• Less intense, often muted colors — palette is more limited than organic pigments
  
  	• Some contain heavy metals — lead, cadmium, chromium(VI) — which are toxic and regulated
  
  	Typical examples: titanium dioxide (white, PW6), iron oxides (yellow PY42, red PR101, black PBK11), ultramarine blue (PB29), cobalt blue (PB28), zinc oxide (white, PW4).
  
  	5. Organic vs. inorganic — a brief comparison
  
  	It is not true that one group is better than the other — each has advantages and disadvantages, and in practice they are often combined in the same formulation. Organic pigments provide intense, saturated color and a wide palette, but are inherently less opaque and may be less stable. Inorganic ones provide coverage, durability, and thermal stability, but with a more limited palette and less saturated shades. Paint formulations rarely work with a single type of pigment — the finished paint most often contains a combination of multiple pigments, each with its own role.
  
  	  
  
  	6. Coverage with opaque pigments
  
  	Organic pigments do not cover well on their own — but that does not mean that they cannot be used to achieve a covering color. The covering in such formulations is achieved by mixing. The most common approach is to combine an organic pigment with TiO₂. Titanium dioxide takes on the role of an “opacity carrier”: it scatters light and makes the color opaque, while the organic pigment provides color and saturation. Without TiO₂, the same amount of organic pigment would give an intense but non-covering color. Formulating a color with an organic pigment and TiO₂ gives an intense and more covering shade. It is very difficult, in some cases impossible, to achieve a completely covering and intense shade because TiO₂ desaturates the shade.
  
  	This principle also applies in reverse: TiO₂ itself provides a white covering paint. Adding a small percentage of organic pigment produces a covering colored paint, but these shades are pastel, i.e. mild. This is exactly how the tinting of white paints in stores works — a small proportion of organic or inorganic colorant is added to a white TiO₂ base.
  
  	Conclusion
  
  	The color of a pigment is a consequence of its chemical structure, which determines which wavelengths will be absorbed. Opacity depends on the refractive index and particle size — and not all pigments are the same. Organic pigments provide intense colors, inorganic ones provide coverage and durability. In practice, they are combined, and coverage with non-opaque pigments is achieved by mixing with TiO₂.
  
  	 
  "
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  	U prethodnom tekstu govorili smo o disperziji pigmenta. Ovaj tekst ide korak unatrag i bavi se temeljnim pitanjem: što je zapravo pigment, zašto vidimo boju i što određuje hoće li pigment dobro pokriti podlogu ili ne.
  
  	  
  
  	1. Zašto vidimo boju
  
  	Vidljiva svjetlost dio je elektromagnetskog spektra, s valnim duljinama između otprilike 380 nm (ljubičasta) i 700 nm (crvena). Kad svjetlost padne na neku tvar, mogu se dogoditi tri stvari: refleksija (odbijanje), transmisija (prolaz kroz tvar) i apsorpcija (upijanje).
  
  	Boju koju vidimo rezultat je onog dijela svjetlosti koji se reflektira natrag prema našem oku. Pigment koji apsorbira plavu i zelenu svjetlost, a reflektira crvenu — vidjet ćemo kao crveni. Pigment koji apsorbira sve valne duljine gotovo podjednako vidjet ćemo kao crni. Pigment koji reflektira sve valne duljine gotovo podjednako vidjet ćemo kao bijeli.
  
  	Ono što određuje koje će valne duljine biti apsorbirane, a koje reflektirane, jest kemijska struktura pigmenta — konkretno, raspored elektrona u molekuli ili kristalnoj rešetki. Zato su kemijski različiti pigmenti različitih boja, i zato promjena kemijske strukture (npr. oksidacijom ili fotodegradacijom) mijenja boju.
  
  	  
  
  	2. Što određuje pokrivnost pigmenta
  
  	Kao što je opisano u prvom tekstu ove serije, pokrivnost ovisi primarno o indeksu refrakcije — fizikalnom svojstvu koje opisuje koliko se svjetlost lomi i raspršuje prolazeći kroz određenu tvar ili nailazeći na njezinu površinu.
  
  	Što je razlika između indeksa refrakcije pigmenta i veziva u kojemu se nalazi veća, to pigment jače raspršuje svjetlost i time djeluje pokrivnije. Titanijev dioksid (TiO₂) ima indeks refrakcije oko 2,7 — daleko viši od većine veziva (oko 1,4–1,6) — što ga čini najjačim bijelim pigmentom koji poznajemo.
  
  	Osim indeksa refrakcije, na pokrivnost utječe i veličina čestica. Optimalna veličina čestice za maksimalno raspršivanje svjetlosti leži oko pola valne duljine vidljive svjetlosti — dakle između 200 i 400 nm. Čestice koje su znatno manje ili veće od tog raspona raspršuju svjetlost manje efikasno.
  
  	Mnogi pigmenti — posebno organski — imaju relativno nizak indeks refrakcije i sami po sebi nisu pokrivni. To ne znači da se s njima ne može postići pokrivna boja, ali o tome više u poglavlju 6.
  
  	Nepokrivnost pigmenta nije uvijek mana — ponekad je upravo to željeno svojstvo. Kontrastice, washevi, glazure i tinte namjerno koriste pigmente niske pokrivnosti: svjetlost prolazi kroz sloj boje, reflektira se od podloge i vraća kroz boju, što daje vizualnu dubinu i sjaj koji pokrivni pigment ne može reproducirati. Upravo zato su organski pigmenti s niskim indeksom refrakcije idealni za ove primjene.
  
  	Zanimljivo je da se pokrivnost pigmenta može namjerno smanjiti posebnom obradom. Pigmenti koji su u standardnoj formi polupokrivni ili pokrivni — poput okera — mogu se mikronizacijom (usitnjavanje čestica ispod optimalne veličine za raspršivanje svjetlosti) ili površinskom kemijskom obradom učiniti transparentnima. Transparentni oker isti je pigment kao standardni, ali obrađen tako da propušta više svjetlosti do podloge nego prije obrade. Takvi pigmenti koriste se npr u lazurama za drvo gdje želimo da prirodne šare drveta ostanu vidljive nakon bojanja i svuda gdje želimo promijeniti boju površine bez gubitka prozirnosti.
  
  	  
  
  	3. Organski pigmenti
  
  	Organski pigmenti su spojevi na bazi ugljika. Boju dobivaju zahvaljujući specifičnim kemijskim strukturama — najčešće konjugiranim sustavima dvostrukih veza — koje apsorbiraju određene valne duljine vidljive svjetlosti.
  
  	Karakteristike organskih pigmenata:
  
  	• Iznimno intenzivne, čiste i zasićene boje
  
  	• Nizak indeks refrakcije — same po sebi nisu pokrivne
  
  	• Manja gustoća — lakše je postići visoku koncentraciju čestica u formulaciji
  
  	• Varijabilna svjetlostalnost — od izvrsne (npr. ftalocijanini) do loše (npr. neki azo pigmenti)
  
  	• Varijabilna toplinska stabilnost — mnogi organski pigmenti degradiraju na višim temperaturama
  
  	Tipični primjeri: ftalocijanin plavi i zeleni (npr. PB15, PG7), kinakridoni (npr. magenta PR122), azo pigmenti (npr. žuti PY74, narančasti PO34, crveni PR112), karbazol ljubičasti (PV23), pyroll crveni (PR254).
  
  	4. Anorganski pigmenti
  
  	Anorganski pigmenti su mineralni spojevi — oksidi, sulfidi, soli i slični. Boju najčešće dobivaju elektronskim prijelazima u ionima prijelaznih metala (željeza, kroma, mangana, kobalta i dr.) ili strukturnim efektima.
  
  	Karakteristike anorganskih pigmenata:
  
  	• Viši indeks refrakcije — bolji potencijal pokrivnosti (posebno bijeli pigmenti poput TiO₂ i ZnO)
  
  	• Izvrsna svjetlostalnost — anorganski pigmenti su generalno stabilniji prema UV zračenju
  
  	• Izvrsna toplinska stabilnost — pogodni za primjene na visokim temperaturama
  
  	• Manje intenzivne, često prigušene boje — paleta je ograničenija nego kod organskih pigmenata
  
  	• Neki sadrže teške metale — olovo, kadmij, krom(VI) — koji su toksični i regulirani
  
  	Tipični primjeri: titanijev dioksid (bijeli, PW6), željezni oksidi (žuti PY42, crveni PR101, crni PBK11), ultramarin plava (PB29), kobalt plava (PB28), cinkov oksid (bijeli, PW4).
  
  	5. Organski vs. anorganski — kratka usporedba
  
  	Nije točno da je jedna skupina bolja od druge — svaka ima prednosti i mane, i u praksi se često kombiniraju u istoj formulaciji. Organski pigmenti donose intenzivnu, zasićenu boju i široku paletu, ali su sami po sebi manje pokrivni i mogu biti manje stabilni. Anorganski donose pokrivnost, trajnost i toplinsku stabilnost, ali s ograničenijom paletom i manje zasićenim nijansama. U formulacijama boja rijetko se radi s jednom vrstom pigmenta — gotova boja najčešće sadrži kombinaciju više pigmenata, svaki sa svojom ulogom.
  
  	  
  
  	6. Pokrivnost s nepokrivnim pigmentima
  
  	Organski pigmenti sami po sebi ne pokrivaju dobro — ali to ne znači da se s njima ne može postići pokrivna boja. Pokrivnost se u takvim formulacijama postiže miješanjem. Najčešći pristup je kombinacija organskog pigmenta s TiO₂. Titanijev dioksid preuzima ulogu “nosača pokrivnosti”: on raspršuje svjetlost i čini boju neprozirnom, dok organski pigment daje boju i zasićenost. Bez TiO₂, ista količina organskog pigmenta bi dala intenzivnu ali nepokrivnu boju. Formuliranje boje s organskim pigmentom i TiO₂ daje intenzivnu i pokrivniju nijansu. Vrlo teško, u nekim slučajem i nemoguće je postići potpuno pokrivnu a intenzivnu nijansu jer TiO₂ desaturira nijansu.
  
  	Ovaj princip vrijedi i u obrnutom smjeru: TiO₂ sam po sebi daje bijelu pokrivnu boju. Dodavanjem malog postotka organskog pigmenta dobiva se pokrivna obojena boja, no te nijanse su pastelne, tj blage. Upravo tako funkcionira nijansiranje bijelih boja u prodavaonicama — u bijelu bazu na bazi TiO₂ dodaje se mali udio organskog ili anorganskog koloranta.
  
  	Zaključak
  
  	Boja pigmenta posljedica je kemijske strukture koja određuje koje će valne duljine biti apsorbirane. Pokrivnost ovisi o indeksu refrakcije i veličini čestica — i nije svojstvo svih pigmenata jednako. Organski pigmenti donose intenzivne boje, anorganski donose pokrivnost i trajnost. U praksi se kombiniraju, a pokrivnost s nepokrivnim pigmentima postiže se miješanjem s TiO₂.
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  Dunja Singer, 20.05.2026.
• Bojanje cvjetnog kimona

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      ["title_eng"]=>
      string(24) "Painting a Floral Kimono"
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  	In the next article, my brother, Petar, will explain how he painted the kimono on the Tetsuha & Wakaba miniature sculpted by CobraMode. If you're interested, follow him on PlaySupport. 
  
  	PROBLEM
  
  	Everyone knows that contrast is key when painting miniatures. This doesn't just apply to values and colors, but also to the level of detail that the model has. If you have an incredibly painted or sculpted model that is completely covered in various details and textures, all your hard work is for naught. The brain simply can't absorb all that overwhelming visual information and the model turns into a blurry mass - it's unpleasant to look at.
  
  	The solution is to have areas that are almost completely devoid of detail, so that the observer's eye can "rest" in those places and better perceive the richness of detail in the neighboring areas. To me, however, this is unacceptable. Usually my strategy for creating great models is to simply paint them very quickly, so at least one will win a medal. Lately, however, I have been wanting to invest an unreasonable amount of time in a single model, and to do that I need a way to get as much detail in as possible without the model becoming that aforementioned mass.
  
  	IDEA
  
  	As with many of my miniature problems, the solution came from a product specifically designed for women and has nothing to do with this hobby – wedding dresses.
  
  	  
  
  	Wedding dresses are often completely covered in intricate embroidery, yet they don’t appear overly saturated. This is because both the embroidery and its background are the same color, so all of these details blend into the background and become very subtle. In this project, I wanted to see if I could achieve something similar – painting white embroidery on a white surface. If I could, I could use this effect to create a model that at first glance gives a balanced impression of detail, but upon closer inspection reveals that it is even more impressive than it first appeared. In short, I want people to react with: “This looks even better than I thought!”
  
  	PROCESS
  
  	I chose a model that was covered in clothing without any unnecessary details. I started with a base of “white” that was very subtly shaded, because I knew I would add more highlights and shadows later after I finished the embroidery. I played it safe – better to have to highlight more than have the details become invisible.
  
  	  
  
  	The model is very small, so I had to choose a simple enough pattern to draw. After a few hours of looking at references of embroidered kimonos, I decided on a floral pattern. I decided that three different repeating flowers would be enough for an interesting pattern.
  
  	I tried a few variations on the pattern before finding three that looked good and were simple enough. I wanted to keep the flowers as small as possible, so simple shapes were the best choice. I settled on:
  
  	- Four simple dots that make up a flower
  
  	  
  
  	- X shape (at first I tried to sharpen the ends, but quickly gave up - it's more important to keep it small than realistic)
  
  	  
  
  	- A star (in my head it's a dandelion)
  
  	  
  
  	Once the shapes were selected, all that was left was to repeat them. To do this, I mixed a little bit of the shadow color with white, because I wanted to highlight them later. Of course, none of the shapes turned out perfectly symmetrical, but that's not a problem because we're talking about fabric that stretches and deforms.
  
  	  
  
  	The most important thing in this process is to get the paint to the right consistency. If you thin it too much, it will start to run all over the model and stain it instead of painting it. If it's too thick, it won't come off the brush. Note: I used oil paints. It's probably possible with acrylics, but the paint would probably dry on the tip of the brush a lot.
  
  	  
  
  	After many hours, the sample was ready.
  
  	  
  
  	During the process I realized that the initial layer should have been lighter, because although this looks good, it doesn't feel like "white on white" to me. The next step was to add additional shading and highlighting to the kimono to make everything look whiter. For this I used semi-transparent oil paints, applied and then feathered with a dry brush.
  
  	  
  
  	Once that layer dried, I added the reflected colors from the surrounding surfaces. With that, the floral kimono was complete!
  
  	  
  
  	CONCLUSSION
  
  	While I think I learned a lot from this project and the initial idea had great potential, in the end I didn't quite get it right. I don't think the kimono looks completely white. If I were to do this again, I would start with an even lighter base and actually paint all the patterns in a darker color first. Then I would go over them with a lighter tone to create more depth to the embroidery.
  
  	Nevertheless, the result is quite nice, and I promise the next one will be even better! Here is the model when the rest is finished and placed on a cute base.
  
  	  
  "
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  	U sljedećem članku moj brat, Petar, će objasniti kako je obojao kimono na minijaturi Tetsuha & Wakaba koju je sculptao CobraMode. Ako ste zainteresirani, zapratite ga na PlaySupport. 
  
  	PROBLEM
  
  	Svi znaju da je pri bojanju minijatura kontrast ključan. To se ne odnosi samo na vrijednosti i boje, već i na razinu detalja koju model ima. Ako imate nevjerojatno obojen ili skulpturiran model koji je potpuno prekriven raznim detaljima i teksturama, sav vaš trud je uzaludan. Mozak jednostavno ne može upiti sve te silne vizualne informacije i model se pretvara u nejasnu masu – neugodno ga je gledati.
  
  	Rješenje je imati područja koja su gotovo potpuno lišena detalja, kako bi se oko promatrača moglo „odmoriti“ na tim mjestima i bolje percipirati bogatstvo detalja u susjednim dijelovima. Meni je to, međutim, neprihvatljivo. Obično mi je strategija za stvaranje odličnih modela da ih jednostavno vrlo brzo naslikam, pa će barem jedan osvojiti medalju. U zadnje vrijeme, ipak, imam želju uložiti nerazumno puno vremena u jedan jedini model, i za to mi treba način kako ubaciti što više detalja bez da model postane ta spomenuta masa.
  
  	IDEJA
  
  	Kao i kod mnogih mojih problema s minijaturama, rješenje je došlo iz proizvoda koji je posebno dizajniran za žene i nema nikakve veze s ovim hobijem – vjenčanice.
  
  	  
  
  	Vjenčanice su često potpuno prekrivene složenim vezom, a ipak ne djeluju kao prezasićena masa. To je zato što su i vez i njegova podloga iste boje, pa se svi ti detalji stapaju s pozadinom i postaju vrlo suptilni. U ovom projektu htio sam vidjeti mogu li postići nešto slično – naslikati bijeli vez na bijeloj površini. Ako uspije, mogao bih koristiti taj efekt za stvaranje modela koji na prvi pogled daje uravnotežen dojam detalja, a pri bližem promatranju otkriva da je još impresivniji nego što se činilo. Ukratko, želim da ljudi reagiraju s: „Ovo izgleda još bolje nego što sam mislio!“
  
  	PROCES
  
  	Odabrao sam model koji je prekriven odjećom bez suvišnih detalja. Počeo sam s bazom „bijele“ koja je vrlo suptilno sjenčana, jer sam znao da ću kasnije dodati još svjetla i sjena nakon što završim vez. Igrao sam na sigurno – bolje da moram dodatno highlightati nego da detalji postanu nevidljivi.
  
  	  
  
  	Model je vrlo malen, pa sam morao odabrati dovoljno jednostavan uzorak za crtanje. Nakon nekoliko sati gledanja referenci vezenih kimona, odlučio sam se za cvjetni uzorak. Zaključio sam da će tri različita ponavljajuća cvijeta biti dovoljna za zanimljiv uzorak.
  
  	Isprobao sam nekoliko varijacija na modelu prije nego što sam pronašao tri koje izgledaju dobro i dovoljno su jednostavne. Htio sam da cvjetovi budu što manji, pa su jednostavni oblici bili najbolji izbor. Odlučio sam se za:
  
  	- Četiri jednostavne točkice koje čine cvijet
  
  	  
  
  	- X oblik (isprva sam pokušao zaoštriti krajeve, ali sam brzo odustao – važnije je da bude malen nego realističan)
  
  	  
  
  	- Zvjezdicu (u mojoj glavi to je maslačak)
  
  	  
  
  	Kad su oblici bili odabrani, preostalo je samo njihovo ponavljanje. Za to sam pomiješao malo boje sjene s bijelom, jer sam ih kasnije želio dodatno highlightati. Naravno, nijedan oblik nije ispao savršeno simetričan, ali to nije problem jer govorimo o tkanini koja se rasteže i deformira.
  
  	  
  
  	Najvažnije u ovom procesu je postići pravu konzistenciju boje. Ako je previše razrijedite, počet će se razlijevati po modelu i mrljati ga umjesto bojanja. Ako je pregusta, neće sići s kista. Napomena: koristio sam uljane boje. Vjerojatno je moguće i s akrilima, ali boja bi se vjerojatno često sušila na vrhu kista.
  
  	  
  
  	Nakon mnogo sati, uzorak je bio gotov.
  
  	  
  
  	Tijekom procesa shvatio sam da je početni sloj trebao biti svjetliji, jer iako ovo izgleda dobro, meni ne djeluje kao „bijelo na bijelo“. Sljedeći korak bio je dodatno sjenčanje i highlightanje kimona kako bi sve izgledalo bjelje. I za to sam koristio poluprozirne uljane boje, nanesene i zatim featherane suhim kistom.
  
  	  
  
  	Nakon što se taj sloj osušio, dodao sam reflektirane boje iz okolnih površina. Time je cvjetni kimono bio završen!
  
  	  
  
  	ZAKLJUČAK
  
  	Iako mislim da sam puno naučio iz ovog projekta i da početna ideja ima velik potencijal, na kraju ipak nisam u potpunosti uspio. Ne mislim da kimono u potpunosti djeluje bijelo. Da radim ovo ponovno, počeo bih s još svjetlijom bazom i zapravo bih sve uzorke prvo naslikao tamnijom bojom. Zatim bih ih prešao svjetlijim tonom kako bih stvorio vez s više dubine.
  
  	Unatoč tome, rezultat je prilično lijep, i obećavam da će sljedeći biti još bolji! Evo modela kada je ostatak dovršen i postavljen na simpatičnu bazu.
  
  	  
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  Ivan Knezović, 05.05.2026.
• Principi pigmentacije: zašto pigment u prahu ne funkcionira

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      ["title_eng"]=>
      string(58) "Pigmentation principles: why powdered pigment doesn't work"
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      string(60) "Principi pigmentacije: zašto pigment u prahu ne funkcionira"
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  	This text was written after a Wednesday get-together where a discussion about the pigmentation of plaster developed. Since I wasn't able to explain everything on the spot, I decided to put it all down on paper — and the principles in question apply more broadly than plaster itself anyway.
  
  	1. What is a pigment — and what is not
  
  	  
  
  	A pigment is a substance that imparts color by selectively absorbing certain wavelengths of visible light and reflecting others. A black pigment absorbs almost all wavelengths; a red pigment absorbs blue and green and reflects red. It is important to distinguish a pigment from a filler. Fillers are white or neutral substances that are added to paints, coatings, and masses to increase volume, improve texture, or reduce cost—but do not provide strong color or good hiding power on their own. Typical fillers include calcium carbonate (chalk, CaCO₃), calcium sulfate (gypsum, CaSO₄), barium sulfate, and similar materials. The difference between a true pigment and a filler is not just in color—it lies in a physical property called the index of refraction.
  
  	2. Refractive index and opacity
  
  	  
  
  	The refractive index (IR) describes how much light is refracted and scattered when it passes through a substance or encounters its surface. The higher it is, the more the particle scatters light — and thus appears more opaque, "opaque". A few comparative values:
  
  	
  
  		• Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) — IR around 2.7 → excellent coverage, strongest white pigment
  	
  
  		• Zinc oxide (ZnO) — IR around 2.0 → good coverage
  	
  
  		• Calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) — IR around 1.59 → poor coverage, filler
  	
  
  		• Calcium sulfate / gypsum (CaSO₄) — IR around 1.52 → almost transparent in a binder, filler
  
  
  	This means that gypsum and chalk, although white as a powder, become almost transparent in the formulation of a coating or mass. They do not compete with the pigment — they are subordinate to it. That's why a small amount of pigment easily and evenly colors a gypsum or chalk-based mass, while the same amount of pigment in a mass containing TiO₂ would be barely visible.
  
  	3. Agglomeration — the enemy of even color
  
  	  
  
  	Pigment powders do not exist as perfectly separate particles. Due to electrostatic attractive forces and surface tension, the particles spontaneously group into clusters called agglomerates or aggregates. Agglomeration is particularly pronounced in: fine particles (the smaller the particle, the higher the surface area to volume ratio, so the attractive forces are relatively stronger) pigments with a high specific surface area, such as carbon black high temperature or humidity conditions When pigment powder is mixed with filler or binder powder, the agglomerates do not break down—they remain as compact clusters. The visual result is an uneven color: dark spots where pigment particles have accumulated, and pale areas where they are absent. The user then concludes that "more pigment is needed"—but this is not true. The problem is not a lack of pigment, but its poor distribution.
  
  	4. Dispersion — meaning properly dispersed pigment
  
  	  
  
  	Dispersion is the process of breaking up agglomerates and evenly distributing individual pigment particles throughout a medium (water, oil, binder). A well-dispersed pigment means that the particles are as evenly distributed as possible — each filler or binder particle "sees" the pigment, not just the neighborhood of the agglomerate. Dispersion is achieved by mechanical and chemical means:
  
  	
  
  		• Mechanical: mixing with high shear forces (mixers, mill aggregates, ultrasound). Mixing with a spoon or spatula is not sufficient to break up agglomerates.
  	
  
  		• Chemical: the use of dispersants and surfactants that adsorb to the surface of the particle and prevent it from re-adhering to neighboring particles.
  
  
  	5. Why liquid colorant works better than powdered pigment
  
  	  
  
  	Liquid colorants are not just pigment dissolved in water. They are ready-made systems that contain: Pigment — already dispersed to the level of individual particles or very small clusters Dispersants and surfactants — which keep the particles separated and prevent re-agglomeration Liquid medium — which allows the pigment to be evenly distributed throughout the material being colored before that material begins to set or dry When a liquid colorant is added to the mixing water (e.g. in gypsum, concrete, mortar), the pigment is already in an ideal state of dispersion. The same amount of pigment is evenly delivered to each part of the mixture. The color effect is therefore much more intense than with dry-mixed pigment — with a significantly lower total amount of pigment. The same logic applies to paints and varnishes: pigment pastes and dispersed pigments provide better coverage and color uniformity than pigments that have not undergone the dispersion process.
  
  	6. Practical application — gypsum example
  
  	Gypsum is a good example because it illustrates all the above principles at once. Because it has a low refractive index (~1.52), it is not a true white pigment — it does not resist staining when mixed with a binder. This means that a small amount of black pigment can easily and evenly color the gypsum mass. Why then does it happen to many people that they have to add a large proportion of pigment in relation to the mass of plaster? Because they mix the pigment in powder form directly into the gypsum powder. Pigment agglomerates (especially Fe₃O₄ or carbon black) remain intact, the distribution is uneven, and the result is disappointing. The conclusion "we need more" is wrong — we need better.
  
  	Correct procedure:
  
  	  
  
  	Add the colorant (or pigment dispersed in water) to the mixing water Mix the water with the colorant well Only then add the gypsum and mix until a homogeneous mixture This way, the pigment is distributed throughout the entire mass before the gypsum begins to set. The result is an even, intense color with a much smaller amount of pigment than with dry mixing. For those who do not have access to professional colorants, a good alternative are liquid pigment additives available in building paint stores — usually in the form of small bottles intended for tinting wall paints. It is the same principle: the pigment is already dispersed in a liquid medium with additives that prevent agglomeration. Added to the mixing water, they give a more even result than powdered pigment with a significantly smaller amount.
  
  	Conclusion
  
  	The intensity and uniformity of color in a mass depend not only on the amount of pigment — they depend on how well the pigment is dispersed. A pigment powder mixed with a powder of another material almost always gives worse results than a pigment that has been previously dispersed in a liquid medium, in the presence of dispersants. When you encounter the problem of "the pigment does not color enough," it is worth asking yourself: is the problem not in the way it was added — and not in the amount.
  
  	 
  "
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  	Ovaj tekst nastao je nakon druženja srijedom na kojem se razvila rasprava o pigmentaciji gipsa. Kako nisam uspjela sve objasniti na licu mjesta, odlučila sam to složiti na papir — a principi o kojima je riječ ionako vrijede šire od samog gipsa.
  
  	1. Što je pigment — i što nije
  
  	  
  
  	Pigment je tvar koja daje boju tako što selektivno apsorbira određene valne duljine vidljivog svjetla i reflektira ostale. Crni pigment apsorbira gotovo sve valne duljine; crveni apsorbira plavu i zelenu, a reflektira crvenu. Važno je razlikovati pigment od punila. Punila su bijele ili neutralne tvari koje se dodaju u boje, premaze i mase kako bi povećala volumen, poboljšala teksturu ili snizila cijenu — ali same po sebi ne daju snažnu boju ni dobru pokrivnost. Tipična punila su kalcijev karbonat (kreda, CaCO₃), kalcijev sulfat (gips, CaSO₄), barijev sulfat i slični materijali. Razlika između pravog pigmenta i punila nije samo u boji — leži u fizikalnom svojstvu koje se zove indeks refrakcije.
  
  	2. Indeks refrakcije i pokrivnost
  
  	  
  
  	Indeks refrakcije (IR) opisuje koliko se svjetlost lomi i raspršuje kada prolazi kroz neku tvar ili nailazi na njezinu površinu. Što je veći, to čestica jače raspršuje svjetlost — i time djeluje neprozirnije, "pokrivnije". Nekoliko usporednih vrijednosti:
  
  	
  
  		• Titanijev dioksid (TiO₂) — IR oko 2,7 → izvanredna pokrivnost, najjači bijeli pigment
  	
  
  		• Cinkov oksid (ZnO) — IR oko 2,0 → dobra pokrivnost
  	
  
  		• Kalcijev karbonat (CaCO₃) — IR oko 1,59 → slaba pokrivnost, punilo
  	
  
  		• Kalcijev sulfat / gips (CaSO₄) — IR oko 1,52 → gotovo transparentno u vezivu, punilo
  
  
  	Ovo znači da gips i kreda, premda su bijeli kao prah, u formulaciji premaza ili mase postaju gotovo prozirni. Ne natječu se s pigmentom — podređuju mu se. Zato mala količina pigmenta lako i ravnomjerno oboji masu na bazi gipsa ili krede, dok bi ista količina pigmenta u masi koja sadrži TiO₂ jedva bila vidljiva.
  
  	3. Aglomeracija — neprijatelj ravnomjerne boje
  
  	  
  
  	Pigmenti u prahu ne postoje kao savršeno odvojene čestice. Zbog elektrostatičkih privlačnih sila i površinske napetosti, čestice se spontano grupiraju u nakupine koje se zovu aglomerati ili agregati. Aglomeracija je posebno izražena kod: sitnih čestica (što je čestica manja, veći je omjer površine i volumena, pa su privlačne sile relativno jače) pigmenata visoke specifične površine, poput carbon blacka (čađe) uvjeta visokih temperatura ili vlage Kada se prah pigmenta umiješa u prah punila ili veziva, aglomerati se ne raspadaju — ostaju kao kompaktne nakupine. Vizualni rezultat je neujednačena boja: tamne mrlje tamo gdje su se nakupile čestice pigmenta, i blijeda područja tamo gdje ih nema. Korisnik tada zaključuje da "treba više pigmenta" — ali to nije točno. Problem nije nedostatak pigmenta, nego njegova loša raspodjela.
  
  	4. Disperzija — što znači pravilno dispergiran pigment
  
  	  
  
  	Disperzija je proces razbijanja aglomerata i ravnomjernog raspoređivanja pojedinačnih čestica pigmenta kroz medij (vodu, ulje, vezivo). Dobro dispergiran pigment znači da su čestice što ravnomjernije raspoređene — svaka čestica punila ili veziva "vidi" pigment, a ne samo susjedstvo aglomerata. Disperzija se postiže mehaničkim i kemijskim putem:
  
  	
  
  		• Mehanički: miješanje s visokim smičnim silama (mikseri, mlinski agregati, ultrazuk). Miješanje žlicom ili lopaticom nije dovoljno za razbijanje aglomerata.
  	
  
  		• Kemijski: upotreba dispergirnih sredstava (dispergatora) i surfaktanata koji se adsorbiraju na površinu čestice i sprječavaju njezino ponovno lijepljenje za susjedne čestice.
  
  
  	5. Zašto tekući kolorant radi bolje od pigmenta u prahu
  
  	  
  
  	Tekući koloranti nisu samo pigment otopljen u vodi. To su gotovi sustavi koji sadrže: Pigment — već dispergiran do razine pojedinačnih čestica ili vrlo malih klastera Dispergatore i surfaktante — koji drže čestice razdvojenima i sprječavaju ponovnu aglomeraciju Tekući medij — koji omogućuje da se pigment ravnomjerno rasporedi kroz materijal koji se boji još prije nego što taj materijal počne vezati ili sušiti Kada se tekući kolorant doda u vodu za miješanje (npr. kod gipsa, betona, žbuke), pigment je već u idealnom stanju disperzije. Svakom dijelu smjese ravnomjerno se isporučuje ista količina pigmenta. Efekt boje je stoga mnogo intenzivniji nego kod suho miješanog pigmenta — uz znatno manju ukupnu količinu pigmenta. Ista logika vrijedi za boje i lakove: pigmentne paste i disperzirani pigmenti daju bolju pokrivnost i ravnomjernost boje od pigmenata koji nisu prošli proces disperzije.
  
  	6. Praktična primjena — primjer gipsa
  
  	Gips je zahvalan primjer jer ilustrira sve navedene principe odjednom. Budući da ima nizak indeks refrakcije (~1,52), nije pravi bijeli pigment — u smjesi s vezivom ne pruža otpor bojanju. To znači da mala količina crnog pigmenta može lako i ravnomjerno obojiti gipsanu masu. Zašto se onda mnogima događa da moraju dodati veliki udio pigmenta u odnosu na masu gipsa? Jer pigment miješaju u obliku praha direktno u prah gipsa. Aglomerati pigmenta (posebno Fe₃O₄ ili carbon black) ostaju netaknuti, raspodjela je neujednačena, i rezultat je razočaravajući. Zaključak "treba više" je pogrešan — treba bolje.
  
  	Ispravni postupak:
  
  	  
  
  	Kolorant (ili pigment dispergiran u vodi) dodati u vodu za miješanje Dobro promiješati vodu s kolorantom Tek tada dodati gips i miješati do homogene smjese Na taj način pigment bude raspoređen kroz cijelu masu još prije nego gips počne vezati. Rezultat je ravnomjerna, intenzivna boja uz višestruko manju količinu pigmenta nego pri suhom miješanju. Za one koji nemaju pristup profesionalnim kolorantima, dobra alternativa su tekući pigmentni dodaci dostupni u trgovinama građevinskih boja — najčešće u obliku malih bočica namijenjenih nijansiranju zidnih boja. Radi se o istom principu: pigment je već dispergiran u tekućem mediju s aditivima koji sprječavaju aglomeraciju. Dodani u vodu za miješanje, daju ravnomjerniji rezultat od pigmenta u prahu uz znatno manju količinu.
  
  	Zaključak
  
  	Intenzitet i ravnomjernost boje u nekoj masi ne ovise samo o količini pigmenta — ovise o tome koliko je taj pigment dobro dispergiran. Prah pigmenta miješan u prah drugog materijala gotovo uvijek daje lošije rezultate od pigmenta koji je prethodno dispergiran u tekućem mediju, uz prisustvo dispergirnih sredstava. Kada se susretnete s problemom "pigment ne boji dovoljno", vrijedi si postaviti pitanje: nije li problem u načinu na koji je dodan — a ne u količini.
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  Dunja Singer, 04.05.2026.
• Posjetili smo: Warhammer World – dio 3

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      ["title_eng"]=>
      string(36) "We visited: Warhammer World – pt.3"
      ["title_hrv"]=>
      string(40) "Posjetili smo: Warhammer World – dio 3"
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      string(10061) "
  
  	  
  
  	For any Warhammer hobbyist, a visit to Warhammer World in Nottingham is a pilgrimage of sorts. It is the epicenter of the entire Games Workshop culture - a combination of global corporate headquarters, visitor center, exhibition space, gaming hall, specialty store and themed bar, all gathered in one location. It should also be taken into account that the large gaming hall hosts Grand Tournaments for all games published by Games Workshop, and since our Ivan found himself in WHW on 18.4.2026. there was a WH40k tournament on the schedule, so the experience of the exhibition, Bugman Bar, WHW store, workshops, and gaming hall was also enhanced by the grand tournament that took place that day. This series follows his adventures…
  
  	2.5. Exhibition Centre
  
  	The Exhibition Centre is the central attraction of Warhammer World and the only part of the complex that requires an entrance fee. It consists of four main areas, which together represent the largest collection of painted Warhammer miniatures in the world.
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	The lineup includes: • Classic figurines, books and dioramas from the past thirty years of the hobby, in regularly rotating exhibitions.
  
  	• Thousands of expertly painted figurines, the work of the renowned 'Eavy Metal team and Army/Battlefield Painter, as seen on codex covers and in White Dwarf.
  
  	• Over 25 purpose-built dioramas with more than 20,000 models, plus numerous smaller vignettes.
  
  	• "The Battle for Angelus Prime" - the largest exhibition board that Games Workshop has ever created, on which, according to information from the exhibition, an assassin is hidden that visitors can try to find.
  
  	• Regularly changing Guest Displays - works by talented painters from the wider Warhammer community.
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	The 'Eavy Metal team consists of 6 members who paint figures and dioramas full time, and the whole exhibition is terribly fascinating because the figures are painted to the highest standard, and they are quite large.
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	3. General Impressions and Recommendations
  
  	It is recommended that you set aside a whole day for the trip because visiting the WHW itself takes 4-5 hours with activities. If you are flying from Zagreb, RyanAir has cheap tickets, but it flies to Stansted so you need to go from London, a direct line is not a good idea. RyanAir is quite cheap, 20 to 30 GBP per person per way. From London, there are two options that are the fastest, and that is FlixBus for 5 GBP per person per way, and the national rail which is about 50 GBP per person per way. The bus from London stops at the first station in the south of Nottingham, from which there are a couple of stops by tram to WHW. From the center, there are several ways to get to the WHW itself, from walking along the canal for 20 minutes, to the bus and tram. If you want to play, you have to book a table, and if the tournament is in progress, you also have to pay an entry fee to play in the tournament.
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	All in all, a great recommendation for a visit to Warhammer World itself, which is a kind of pilgrimage for every miniaturist. The employees are extremely friendly and informative, there is a lot of content, there is something to see. With the note that in WHW itself you can buy explosives, but also do activities like in other official Warhammer stores, such as the first figures, assembling and painting, collecting figures of the month, buying White Dwarf, Combat Patrol, or starting the Battle Honors program. Definitely a warm recommendation.
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	You can find more photos on our social networks.
  
  	 
  "
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  	Za svakog hobista koji se bavi Warhammerom, posjet Warhammer Worldu u Nottinghamu predstavlja svojevrsno hodočašće. Riječ je o središnjem mjestu cjelokupne Games Workshop kulture - kombinaciji globalnog korporativnog sjedišta, posjetiteljskog centra, izložbenog prostora, igračke dvorane, specijalizirane trgovine i tematskog bara, sve okupljeno na jednoj lokaciji. Također treba uzeti u obzir da se u velikoj igraćoj dvorani održavaju Grand Turniri za sve igre koje izdaje Games Workshop, a budući da se naš Ivan našao u WHW 18.4.2026. na rasporedu je bio WH40k turnir, pa je samom doživljaju izložbe, Bugman Bara, WHW dućana, radionica, i igraće hale doprinio i veliki turnir koji se odvijao taj dan. Ovaj serijal prati njegove dogodovštine…
  
  	2.5. Exhibition Centre (Izložbeni centar)
  
  	Exhibition Centre je središnja atrakcija Warhammer Worlda i jedini dio kompleksa za koji se plaća ulaznica. Sastoji se od četiri glavna područja, koja zajedno predstavljaju najveću zbirku oslikanih Warhammer figurica na svijetu.
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	Postav uključuje: • Klasične figurice, knjige i diorame iz posljednjih trideset godina hobbyja, u redovno rotirajućim izložbama.
  
  	• Tisuće ekspertno oslikanih figurica, rad renomiranog 'Eavy Metal tima i Army/Battlefield Paintera, kakve se viđaju na koricama codexa i u White Dwarfu.
  
  	• Preko 25 namjenski izrađenih diorama s više od 20.000 modela, plus brojne manje vinjete.
  
  	• "The Battle for Angelus Prime" - najveću izložbenu ploču koju je Games Workshop ikada izradio, na kojoj je, prema podatku iz izložbe, skriven jedan attentat (assassin) kojeg posjetitelji mogu pokušati pronaći.
  
  	• Redovito izmjenjive Guest Displays - radove talentiranih slikara iz šire Warhammer zajednice.
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	'Eavy Metal tim se sastoji od 6 članova koji full time farbaju figure i diorame, i cijela izložba je užasno fascinantna jer su figure obojane na najvišem standardu, a i poprilično su velike.
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	3. Opći dojmovi i preporuke
  
  	Preprouka je da za izlet izdvojite cijeli dan jer je z posjet samom WHW potrebno sigurno 4-5 sati sa aktivnostima. Ukoliko letite iz Zagreba RyanAir ima jeftine karte, ali leti na Stantsted pa je potrebno ići iz Londona, direktna linija nije neka sreća. RyanAir je poprilično jeftin, 20 do 30 GBP po osobi po smjeru. Iz Londona postoje dvije opcije koje su najbrže, a to je FlixBus za 5 GBP po osobi po smjeru, i nacionalna željeznica koja je cca 50 GBP po osobi po smjeru. Bus iz Londona staje na prvoj stanici na jugu Nottinghama, s koje ima par stanica tramvajem do WHW. Iz centra ima više načina da doći do samog WHW, pješke uz kanal 20 minuta hoda, pa do autobusa i tramvaja. Ukoliko želite igrati morate rezervirati stol, a ako je turnir u tijeku i platiti upad za igranje na turniru.
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	Sve u svemu velika preporuka za posjet samom Warhammer Worldu, koji je za svakog minijaturista određena vrsta hodočašća. Djelatnici su izrazito ljubazni i informativni, sadržaja je izuzetno puno, ima se kaj vidjeti. Uz napomenu da je u samom WHW-u mogu kupiti ekspluzive, ali i odraditi aktivnosti kao i u ostalim službenim Warhammer trgovinama, poput prvih figura, slaganja i farbanja, skupljanja figura mjeseca, kupnje Wite Dwarfa, Combat patrolea, ili početak Battle Honors programa. Svakako topla preporuka.
  
  	  
  
  	  
  
  	Više fotografija možete naći na našim socijalnim mrežama.
  "
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  Ivan Vedak, 04.05.2026.

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